FILSAFAT

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بعد أن ألف الغزالي " مقاصد الفلاسفة " شرح فيها أقوال الفلاسفة خاصة ابن سينا والفارابي، ألف هذا الكتاب ليبين المسائل التي ليس الخلاف فيها بين العقيدة الإسلامية والفلسفة لفظياً بل ما يسبب بدعة أو كفراً، وقد ناقش عشرين مسألة مثل أزلية العالم وأبديته والاستدلال على وجود الله وعلمه سبحانه بجميع الجزئيات وخرق العادات وفناء النفوس البشرية وبعث الأجساد وغيرها. واعتبر العلماء هذا الكتاب ضربة قاضية لاستكبار الفلاسفة وادعائهم التوصل إلى الحقيقة في المسائل الغيبية بعقولهم، وهو تراث فلسفي عظيم فضلاً عن أنه تراث بقلم حجة الإسلام الغزالي

sedikit cuplikan dari kitab tahafut al-falsafat (kelemahan ilmu filsafat) karangan imam ghozali.

kitab ini disusun oleh beliau setelah melihat beberapa orang muslim yang lemah akan imannya karena memperdalam ilmu filsafat. dan sebagai pertanyaan berarti ilmu filsafat adalah haram bagi orang muslim? bukan begitu yang dimaksud. yang diharapkan imam ghozali dengan lemahnya iman orang muslim adalah sebab terlalu memperdalam ilmu filsafatnya sehingga melalaikan ilmu aqidah islamiyyahnya.

selanjutnya sebagai lawan dari kitab tahafut al falsafah ini imam ibnu rusyd (bangsa spanyol) mengarang sebuah kitab yang menganjurkan pembelajaran ilmu filsafat bagi seluruh orang muslim dunia. dan karangannya ini dinamai dengan tahafut at tahafut (kelemahan dari kelemahan).
namun sebagai tindakan kita setelah melihat kedua pendapat ulama besar yang saling bertentangan ini? dan jawabannya adalah ADA PADA DIRI ANDA SENDIRI

apabila kurang puas tentang keterangan lebih lanjut, silahkan download kitabnya disini untuk kitab tahafut al falsafah dan disini untuk kitab tahafut at tahafut

MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS

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Introduction

Religion Islam is religion fithroh that attention to the rights associated with the human person or community. Religion governing servant relationship with his Lord and servant relationship with the harmony and perfect harmony. Among the servants who are governed the relations between Islam and the note is neighborly relationships, because relationships are neighbors including the important social relationships that can generate a sense of mutual love, affection and brotherhood among them.

Hence the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam very concerned about it as in the hadith;

مَا زَالَ يُوصِينِي جِبْرِيلُ بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيُوَرِّثُهُ

"Gabriel always intestate to me by a neighbor, so I think the neighbor will inherit it." This noble Hadith shows the urgency and the position of neighbors within Islam. Neighbors have a position of importance and rights to be aware of every Muslim. So therefore the concept of Islam as a mercy to the universe can be realized and felt by every human being.

Definitions, Restrictions and Neighbors Itself

Said Al Jaar (neighbors) in Arabic means the person next to you. Ibn Mandzur said: “الجِوَار , الْمُجَاوَرَة and الْجَارُ meaningful person adjacent to you. Plural form أَجْوَارٌ , جِيْرَةٌ and جِيْرَانٌ”. Who's in terms of adjacent syar'i significantly in syar'i both he a Muslim or infidel, good or evil, friends or enemies, do good or bad, beneficial or detrimental and relatives or not.

Neighbors have levels, some higher than most others, increases and decreases according to the closeness and from far, kinship, religion and believing and the like. So given these neighboring rights in accordance with the state and their rights.

Thus it is clear a neighbor's house is the most obvious form of the nature of neighbors, but neighbors are not only limited understanding of it is just even more broadly. Because the neighbors are also neighbors considered in the shops, markets, agricultural land, a place to learn and the places that allow the neighborhood. Likewise traveling because they either adjacent to each other or the body and any place they have fulfilled obligations neighboring rights.

Islam has intestate to glorify neighbors and maintain their rights, even God connects with the right neighbor and the monotheistic worship Him and do service to both parents, orphans and relatives, as his word:

وَاعْبُدُوا اللهَ وَلاَتُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنبِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَامَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ إِنَّ اللهَ لاَيُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالاً فَخُورًا

"Worship Allah and do not associate him with anything. And do good to the two mothers, fathers, friends, relatives, orphans, poor people, neighbors near and far neighbors, peers, ibn sabil and servant. Allah loves not those who are arrogant and boast themselves. "(Surah Annisaa ': 36)

Similarly, the hadiths of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has explained obligations to maintain the right of neighbors and maintain the honor and glory and command cover their disgrace, his gaze from his honor and wealth away from things that hurt and bothered. Among these hadiths is Aisha and Ibn 'Umar. Look carefully how the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said: "So I think the neighbor will inherit it." It shows a will with the neighbors include custody, do good to him, does no harm and disturbing, always ask about the situation and give kindness to him. These are all forms of attention and motivation of the Shari'a in maintaining and fulfill their rights. Even the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam set a neighbor's violation of the honor as one of the biggest sins in his saying when asked:

أَيُّ الذَّنْبِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ قَالَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لِلَّهِ نِدًّا وَهُوَ خَلَقَكَ قُلْتُ ثُمَّ أَيٌّ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَنْ تَقْتُلَ وَلَدَكَ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَطْعَمَ مَعَكَ قُلْتُ ثُمَّ أَيٌّ قَالَ أَنْ تُزَانِيَ بِحَلِيلَةِ جَارِكَ

What is the biggest sin in the sight of Allah, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam replied: "Making a rival allies of Allah, when Allah who created you." I (Ibn Mas'ud) said: "Then what?" he replied: "Then kill your son because worried he eats with you "and then I asked again:" Then what? "he replied:" adultery with your neighbor's wife. "(Narrated by Bukhari no. 4389, 6354 and 6978, Muslim, no. 125)

It is not enough there, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam ordered Abu Dhar to reproduce sauce for cooking can be shared and felt neighbors, as in the hadith

عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ إِنَّ خَلِيلِي صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْصَانِي إِذَا طَبَخْتَ مَرَقًا فَأَكْثِرْ مَاءَهُ ثُمَّ انْظُرْ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ مِنْ جِيرَانِكَ فَأَصِبْهُمْ مِنْهَا بِمَعْرُوفٍ

From Abu Dhar, he said: "My beloved alaihi wa sallam made a will saying to me, if you cook meat sauce then multiply the gravy and then see your neighbor's family and give some to them." (Reported by Muslim, no. 6632). Similarly, the size and position of neighboring rights in Islam.

1. Neighboring Rights
It is clear that a large neighbor has a right and a high status in Islam. Their rights if specified will be very much at all, but all can be returned to the four rights are:
First, doing good (ihsan) to them.
Do good in everything, is characteristic of Islam, as well as the neighbors. Imam Al Marwazi narrated from Al-Hasan Al Bashriy his statement: "No interrupt is not includes a neighbor will do good to do good but against a neighbor with a patiently for disorder." So the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:

خَيْرُ الْأَصْحَابِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرُهُمْ لِصَاحِبِهِ وَخَيْرُ الْجِيرَانِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرُهُمْ لِجَارِهِ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ

"At best friend at the sight of Allah is the best to his friend. And the best neighbors in the sight of Allah is the best to his neighbor. "(Abu Isa At-Tirmidhi said: This hadeeth hasan ghareeb).

Among the deeds to the neighbors is glorifying it. This attitude became one sign of the perfection of the Muslim faith as stated Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam in the hadith which reads shohih:

مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يُؤْذِ جَارَهُ

"Anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day so do not disturb neighbors."
And in another lafadz:

فَلْيُكْرِمْ جَارَهُ

"And he shall glorify the neighbors." (Agreed upon)

Among other forms of charity that is ta'ziyah when they got the disaster, say goodbye when it gets happiness, visit him when ill, initiate greetings and a sweet-faced when he met with him and helped guide him to things that benefit the world hereafter and give them gifts. Ayesha radhiallahu 'anha asked the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam:

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي جَارَيْنِ فَإِلَى أَيِّهِمَا أُهْدِي قَالَ إِلَى أَقْرَبِهِمَا مِنْكِ بَابًا

"O Prophet of God I have two neighbors and to whom of them I give a gift? He said to the door closest to you. "(Reported by Bukhari, the Book As Suf'ah, Chapter Ayul Jiwari Aqrab, no. 2099)

2. tolerate interference neighbors.

This is the second right to a neighbor who is closely related to the first and perfect. This is done to forgive mistakes and their bad deeds, especially errors that intentional or was he not regret it happened. Hasan Al Basri said: "No annoying not including neighbors will do good to do good to the neighbors but patiently for disorder." Some scholars said: "Perfection is doing good to the neighbors on four things, (1) happy and happy with what possesses, (2) Not greedy to have whatever he had, (3) Prevent interference from him, (4) Be patient from the disorder. "

3. keep and maintain neighbor.

This is the third right to neighbors. Imam Ibn Abi Jamroh said: "Keeping the neighbors including the perfection of faith. People are very used to maintain ignorance of this and execute a will to do good by providing a wide range of goodness of fit capability, such as gifts, greetings, sweet face when met, helping meet their needs, holding the causes that disturb them with all that stuff either physical or meaningful . Moreover, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has negate the faith of the people who always disturb neighbors. This is an explicit expression that suggests the extent of the right and disturb neighbors including major sins. "

4. do not disturb neighbors.

It has been described above will be standing tall neighbors and their rights preserved in Islam. Hence the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam warned of hard effort to interfere with neighbors, as in the word he sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam:

لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ قَالُوا وَمَنْ ذَاكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ جَارٌ لَا يَأْمَنُ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَهُ

"Not for the sake of God is not faithful, not for the sake of God is not faithful, not for the sake of Allah do not believe they ask: who is it, O Messenger of Allah he said: people who their neighbors are not safe from crime." (Narrated by Bukhari)

In another narration:

لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ مَنْ لَا يَأْمَنُ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَهُ

"Not go to heaven who their neighbors are not safe from crime." (Muslim, Abu Hurairoh). Similarly, in another hadith he said:

مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يُؤْذِ جَارَهُ

"Anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day so do not disturb neighbors."

God has binding affinity between us and the Islamic religion so as if the Muslims are in one family to each other mutual support in achieving the victory and the goodness and brotherhood which perfectly overwhelmed with affection. Among these are the rights of a neighbor who is considered by our religion the religion of tolerance and the blessings that give guidance and recommend that those rights are guarded with great care and applied correctly. Thus affinity fellow Muslims will grow stronger and stronger so that from here can form a solid wall which can repel enemy interference. Allah SWT has made the rights of neighbors who, when the Muslims will undoubtedly be able to pay attention to recognize that religion is contained in each good. Allah SWT is always concerned about making it right neighbor above all else. Allah SWT has made the rights of each individual neighbor if his neighbor would do it against the Islamic brotherhood would really strong mutual respect, and clean heart.

Also mentioned by the Prophet in the hadith such as "The neighbors that there are three kinds of neighbors with a right neighbor with two rights and a neighbor with three rights. Neighbors with a right is idolatrous neighbors, a neighbor with two rights is a Muslim neighbor and neighbor with three rights is a Muslim neighbor. "Because of Islam very concerned about the rights of neighbors and personal relationships with neighbors. In this case, Islamic law is really very concerned and has never been a match for any other religion. All that shows kindness and nobleness spirit of Islamic teachings and is a guarantee of maintaining the relationship between individuals and communities so that people become stronger as if being in one body and spirit. Each member got up his spirits and all things merge uniform mutual-support in harmony with the spirit of Islamic teachings. So Islam and his followers seemed to form a strong dam seepage damage that can withstand disintegration and humiliation and form a sturdy fortress that can withstand enemy attack.

Hardened devices like the radio and when neighbors were sleeping soundly to rest is one example of improper behavior and a violation of the rights of neighbors. Not a neighbor of justice if a Muslim cause disturbed sleep and sleep neighbors their children. The obligation of a Muslim neighbor was a priority for them in all matters of establishing peace and tranquility on them. Thus will grow stronger neighborly relations between them. Each individual should harmonize himself with his brother to walk together in harmony with the teachings of Islam which guarantee welfare and happiness of individuals and society. O servant of Allah there is no reason anymore for you after today in the presence of your Lord. Roads have been stretched bright and clear. Roads goodness and perfection has been stretched before us. Whoever has been available for her kindness to become comprehensive institutions in the Qur'aan and the Sunna of His Messenger.

Whoever wants it the other way it would be bad and path chosen for him. Later, Allah will recompense each man according to his deeds. O servant of Allah Fear Allah and haste, and take the causes that bring good and happiness of you undoubtedly will be a good role model for the state and society.

In fact Islam is a religion of goodness and blessing, the religion of humanity that the plenary, the religion of brotherhood and justice compassion and awareness. Fill your neighbor's rights Allah will love you.

Allah says "Verily, Allah is with those who fear Allah and those who do good.”

Neighbourhood Procedures in Islam

A Muslim is taught by a perfect Islamic Shari'ah is to believe and practice that the neighbors have rights over him, and ethics that must run someone against them with the perfect neighbors, based on the following theorem-dalail; Word of Allah, the Exalted: "And do good to the mother-father, close relatives, orphans, poor people, neighbors near the den distant neighbors" (An Nisa ': 36).

Word of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, "Gabriel intestate never stopped me for doing good to the neighbors, so I assume that he will inherit" (Mutafaq Alaih) Word of the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam: "Whoever believes in Allah and the Last day , should glorify his neighbors. "(Mutafaq Alaih)

Ethics of the neighbors are as follows:

Not to hurt him with words or deeds, because the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam follows: The word Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam: "Whoever believes in Allah and the Final day, then do not hurt his neighbor" (Mutafaq Alaih).

Word of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam: "By Allah, do not believe. Asked to the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam, Who unbelievers, O Messenger of Allah? He said, That man who neighbors are not safe from interference" (Mutafaq Al)

Word of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam: "Women are going to hell". Word of the above is intended Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam to women who reputedly fasted on the day and qiyamul Lail at night, but hurt his neighbor.

Do good to him to help him if he asks for help, help him if he asks for help, see him if he was sick, congratulate him if he was happy, comfort him if he got a disaster, if he needs help, starting a greeting for him, told him gently, polite when speaking with his neighbor's father, led him to what was in it there is good religion and his world, protecting the land area, forgive mistakes, no peeking his private parts, not troubled him with building a house or road, not hurt by water about it, or dirt being dumped on front of his house.

It's all good deeds are instructed in the word of Allah, the Exalted, neighbors near and far neighbors. (An Nisa: 36). Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said: "Whoever believe in Allah and the Last day, let him do good to his neighbor" (Narrated Al-Bukhari)

Be generous with giving kindness to him, because the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam follows: Word of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam: "O Muslim women, do not belittle a neighbor that another neighbor, though only with the tip of the nail goat" (Al-Bukhari narrated).

Word of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam to Abu Dhar radi' anhu: "O Abu Dhar, if you cook soup then take many water, then give it to your neighbor" (Al-Bukhari narrated)

Aisha radi 'anha asked the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam, I have two neighbors, then which one is entitled then give a gift? Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said: "To the people closer to his door to you" (Mutafaq Alaih)

Finally

Thus the rights of our neighbors who are sometimes less noticed, yet so big and important it is for the life of a Muslim in a society. Therefore, let's fix our life with piety and faith so that we can achieve glory and happiness in the world and the hereafter. Hopefully this is useful.